|
The term hobby horse is used, principally by folklorists, to refer to the costumed characters that feature in some traditional seasonal customs, processions and similar observances around the world. They are particularly associated with May Day celebrations, Mummers Plays and the Morris dance in England. ==Types of hobby horse== Hobby horses may be constructed in several different ways. The types most frequently found in the United Kingdom have been categorised as follows:〔Cawte, EC, ''Ritual Animal Disguise'', pp8–9, London, DS Brewer for the Folklore Society (1978)〕 * Tourney horses are meant to look like a person riding a small horse that is wearing a long cloth coat or caparison (as seen in medieval illustrations of jousting knights at a tourney or tournament). A circular or oval frame is suspended around their waist, or chest, with a skirt draped over it hanging down to the ground. The frame has a carved wooden head, often with snapping jaws (operated by pulling a string) attached to it at one end, and a tail at the other. The "rider" may wear a cape or other flowing costume to help cover the frame. In the most elaborate versions, fake legs, meant to be those of the rider, hang down the sides of the skirt, though this seems to be a fairly recent development.〔Cawte, EC, ''Ritual Animal Disguise'', p187, London, DS Brewer for the Folklore Society (1978)〕 * Sieve horses are a simpler version of the tourney horse. Known only in Lincolnshire, they are made from a farm sieve frame, with head and tail attached, suspended from the performer's shoulders. The performer wears a horse blanket (the kind that includes a headpiece with holes for the eyes and ears) that covers them and the sieve.〔 * Mast horses are meant to represent the horse (or other animal) itself. They have a head made of wood, or sometimes an actual horse's skull is used; it usually has hinged jaws that can be made to snap. The head is attached to a stick about 1 m (3 ft) long. The person acting the creature is covered by a cloth attached to the back of its head; he (or, rarely, she) bends over forwards or crouches, holding the head in front of their own and resting the other end of the stick on the ground. A tail may be attached to the back of the cloth.〔 When the cloth is long enough, such as the sheet used by the Welsh ''Mari Lwyd'', the performer can also stand up, lifting the head in front of their face or above their head. Not all hobby horses fit into these categories, even within the UK. The famous May Day horses at Padstow and Minehead are large constructions, suspended at shoulder level, with only the performer's head emerging; they wear tall, pointed hats and their faces are masked. The Padstow horses have circular frames, with fairly small, snapping-jawed heads on long, straight necks;〔Cawte, EC, ''Ritual Animal Disguise'', p157–158, London, DS Brewer for the Folklore Society (1978)〕 the Minehead horses are more boat-shaped, with pointed ends and, since about 1880, have had no heads, though they have long, trailing tails, about 2.2 m (7 ft) long.〔Cawte, EC, ''Ritual Animal Disguise'', p169, London, DS Brewer for the Folklore Society (1978)〕 In the South of France, in Belgium (the ''Ommegang de Termonde'') and elsewhere, large hobby horses are carried by multiple performers; their hollow frameworks are constructed in various ways. The ''Danse du Baiar'' at Esquièze the dancers wear à wooden horse head in their breasts when dancing. In Indonesia, flat silhouettes of horses are suspended between the dancers' legs (see individual entries, below). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「hobby horse」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|